Monday, September 5, 2011

List of amendments of the Constitution of India


As of June 2009, there have been 94 amendments of the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950.[1]

No.

Amendments

Enforced since

Objectives

1

Amend articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376. Insert articles 31A and 31B.Insert schedule 9.[2]

18 June 1951

To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition

laws and to place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights. These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech and equality before law

2

Amend article 81.[3]

1 May 1953

A technincal amendment to fix the size of each parliamentary constituency between 650,000 and 850,000 voters.

3

Amend schedule 7.[4]

22 February 1955

Limits maximum no of seats in lok sabha up to 500.States would be divided into constituencies such that one member of a constituency will represent not less than every 750000 people but not more than every 500000 people.

4

Amend articles 31, 31A and 305.
Amend schedule 9.[5]

27 April 1955

Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in

Schedule 9 of the constitution

5

Amend article 3.[6]

24 December 1955

Provide for a consultation mechanism with concerned states

in matters relating to the amendments to the territorial

matters and in the re-naming of the state

6

Amend articles 269 and 286.
Amend schedule 7.[7]

11 September 1956

Amend the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of

taxes

7

Amend articles 1, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and 232.
Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.[8]

1 November 1956

Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and introduction of Union Territories

8

Amend article 334.[9]

5 January 1960

Clarify state's power of compulsory acquisition and

requisitioning of private property and include Zamindari

abolishion laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution

9

Amend schedule 1.[10]

28 December 1960

Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to

agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by

demarcation of border villages, etc.

10

Amend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.[11]

11 August 1961

Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal

11

Amend articles 66 and 71.[12]

19 December 1961

Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of

members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by

a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and

Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds

of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college

12

Amend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.[13]

20 December 1961

Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory,

consequent to acquisition from Portugal

13

Amend part 21.[14]

1 December 1963

Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under

Article 371A

14

Amend articles 81 and 240.
Insert article 239A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.[15]

28 December 1962

Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and

creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh,

Tripura, Manipur and Goa

15

Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316.
Insert article 224A.
Amend schedule 7.[16]

5 October 1963

Raise retirement age of judges from 60 to 62 and other minor

amendments for rationalizing interpretation of rules regarding

judges etc.

16

Amend articles 19, 84 and 173.
Amend schedule 3.[17]

5 October 1963

Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their

allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various

obligtory templates

17

Amend article 31A.
Amend schedule 9.[18]

20 June 1964

To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates

and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the

constitution

18

Amend article 3.[19]

27 August 1966

Technical Amendment to include Unior Territories in Article 3

and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories

19

Amend article 324.[20]

11 December 1966

Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions

by regular High Courts

20

Insert article 233A.[21]

22 December 1966

Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences

passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting,

promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not

eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed

to overcome the effect of judgement invalidating appointments

of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh

21

Amend schedule 8.[22]

10 April 1967

Include Sindhi as a National Language

22

Amend article 275.
Insert articles 244A and 371B.[23]

25 September 1969

Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam

23

Amend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334.[24]

23 January 1970

Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian

members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another

ten years i.e. up to 1980

24

Amend articles 13 and 368.[25]

5 November 1971

Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights through

amendments to the constitution

25

Amend article 31.
Insert article 31C.[26]

20 April 1972

Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes

over private property

26

Amend article 366.
Insert article 363A.
Remove articles 291 and 362.[27]

28 December 1971

Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states

which were incorporated into the Indian Republic

27

Amend articles 239A and 240.
Insert articles 239B and 371C.[28]

15 February 1972

Reorganization of Mizoram into a Union Territory with a

legislature and council of ministers

28

Insert article 312A.
Remove article 314.[29]

29 August 1972

Rationalize Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those

appointed prior to Independence and post independence

29

Amend schedule 9.[30]

9 June 1972

Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under

Schedule 9 of the constitution

30

Amend article 133.[31]

27 February 1973

Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case

of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial

question of law

31

Amend articles 81, 330 and 332.[32]

17 October 1973

Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased

seats going to the new states formed in North East India and

minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise

32

Amend article 371.
Insert articles 371D and 371E.
Amend schedule 7.[33]

1 July 1974

Protection of regional rights in Telengana and Andhra regions

of State of Andhra Pradesh

33

Amend articles 101 and 190.[34]

19 May 1974

Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament

and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and

acceptance of resignation by house speaker

34

Amend schedule 9.[35]

7 September 1974

Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under

Schedule 9 of the constitution

35

Amend articles 80 and 81.
Insert article 2A.
Insert schedule 10.[36]

1 March 1975

Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into

the Union of India

36

Amend articles 80 and 81.
Insert article 371F.
Remove article 2A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.
Remove schedule 10.[37]

26 April 1975

Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union

37

Amend articles 239A and 240.[38]

3 May 1975

Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly

38

Amend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 356, 359 and 360.[39]

1 August 1975

Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass

ordinances

39

Amend articles 71 and 329.
Insert article 329A.
Amend schedule 9.[40]

10 August 1975

Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad

High Court invalidating Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election

to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial

scrutiny of post of Prime Minister

40

Amend article 297.
Amend schedule 9.[41]

27 May 1976

Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive

Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth

with Union of India Place land reform & other

acts and amendments to these act under

Schedule 9 of the constitution

41

Amend article 316.[42]

7 September 1976

Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and Members of

Union and State Public Commissions from sixty to sixty two.

42

Amend articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 and 371F.
Insert articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A.
Insert parts 4A and 14A.
Amend schedule 7.[43]

1 April 1977

Amendment passed during internal emergency by

Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights,

imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure

of the constitution by making India a

"Socialist Secular" Republic

43

Amend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366.
Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.[44]

13 April 1978

Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in

the Country. Repeals some of the more 'Anti-Freedom'

amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42

44

Amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360 and 371F.
Insert articles 134A and 361A.
Remove articles 31, 257A and 329A.
Amend part 12.
Amend schedule 9.[45]

6 September 1979

Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in

the Country. Provides for human rights safeguards and

mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative

authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in

Amendment Bill 42

45

Amend article 334.[46]

25 January 1980

Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian

members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten

years i.e. up to 1990

46

Amend articles 269, 286 and 366.
Amend schedule 7.[47]

2 February 1983

Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and

applicability on Sales Tax

47

Amend schedule 9.[48]

26 August 1984

Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under

Schedule 9 of the constitution

48

Amend article 356.[49]

1 April 1985

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years

in the state of Punjab

49

Amend article 244.
Amend schedules 5 and 6.[50]

11 September 1984

Recognize Tripura as a Tribal State and enable the creation of a

Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council

50

Amend article 33.[51]

11 September 1984

Technical Amendment to curtailment of Fundamental Rights

as per Part III as prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security

Personnel protecting property and communication infrastructure

51

Amend articles 330 and 332.[52]

16 June 1986

Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies

52

Amend articles 101, 102, 190 and 191.
Insert schedule 10.[53]

1 March 1985

Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other

53

Insert article 371G.[54]

20 February 1987

Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.

54

Amend articles 125 and 221.
Amend schedule 2.[55]

1 April 1986

Increase the salary of Chief Justice of India & other Judges and

to provide for determining future increases without the need

for constitutional amendment

55

Insert article 371H.[56]

20 February 1987

Special powers to Governor consequent to formation of state

of Arunachal Pradesh

56

Insert article 371I.[57]

30 May 1987

Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa

57

Amend article 332.[58]

21 September 1987

Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies

58

Insert article 394A.
Amend part 22.[59]

9 December 1987

Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of constitution

as on date and provision to publish authentic Hindi translation

of future amendments

59

Amend article 356.
Insert article 359A.[60]

30 March 1988

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years

in the state of Punjab, Articles 352 and Article 359A amended

to permit imposing emergency in state of Punjab or in specific

districts of the state of Punjab

60

Amend article 276.[61]

20 December 1988

Profession Tax increased from a maximum of Rs. 250/- to a maximum of Rs. 2500/-

61

Amend article 326.[62]

28 March 1989

Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18

62

Amend article 334.[63]

20 December 1989

Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian

members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten

years i.e. up to 2000

63

Amend article 356.
Remove article 359A.[64]

6 January 1990

Emergency powers applicable to State of Punjab, accorded in

Article 359A as per amendment 59 repealed

64

Amend article 356.[65]

16 April 1990

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years

and six months in the state of Punjab

65

Amend article 338.[66]

12 March 1992

National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled

Tribes formed and its stututory powers specifed in The

Constitution.

66

Amend schedule 9.[67]

7 June 1990

Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under

Schedule 9 of the constitution

67

Amend article 356.[68]

4 October 1990

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years

in the state of Punjab

68

Amend article 356.[69]

12 March 1991

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years

in the state of Punjab

69

Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.[70]

1 February 1992

To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers

for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a

Union Territory

70

Amend articles 54 and 239AA.[71]

21 December 1991

Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of

Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election

71

Amend schedule 8.[72]

31 August 1992

Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as National Languages

72

Amend article 332.[73]

5 December 1992

Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Tripura State

Legislative Assembly

73

Insert part 9.[74]

24 April 1993

Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as third level of

administration in villages

74

Insert part 9A.[75]

1 June 1993

Statutory provisions for Local Administrative bodies as third

level of administration in urban areas such as towns and cities

75

Amend article 323B.[76]

15 May 1994

Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals

76

Amend schedule 9.[77]

31 August 1994

Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by

including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act under 9th Schedule

of the constitution

77

Amend article 16.[78]

17 June 1995

A technical amendment to protect reservation to SC/ST

Employees in promotions

78

Amend schedule 9.[79]

30 August 1995

Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under

Schedule 9 of the constitution

79

Amend article 334.[80]

25 January 2000

Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian

members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten

years i.e. up to 2010

80

Amend articles 269 and 270.
Remove article 272.[81]

9 June 2000

Implement Tenth Finance Commission recommendation to

simplify the tax structures by pooling and sharing all taxes

between states and The Centre

81

Amend article 16.[82]

9 June 2000

Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies

82

Amend article 335.[83]

8 September 2000

Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other criteria in

reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates

83

Amend article 243M.[84]

8 September 2000

Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for Scheduled

Castes in Panchayati Raj institutions

84

Amend articles 55, 81, 82, 170, 330 and 332.[85]

21 February 2002

Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats

85

Amend article 16.[86]

4 January 2002

A technical amendment to protect seniority in case of

promotions of SC/ST Employees

86

Amend articles 45 and 51A.
Insert article 21A.[87]

12 December 2002

Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early

childhood care until the age of six

87

Amend articles 81, 82, 170 and 330.[88]

22 June 2003

Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats

88

Amend article 270.
Insert article 268A.
Amend schedule 7.[89]

15 January 2004

To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax

89

Amend article 338.
Insert article 338A.[90]

28 September 2003

The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled

Tribes was bifurcated into The National Commission for

Scheduled Castes and The National Commission for Scheduled

Tribes

90

Amend article 332.[91]

28 September 2003

Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Bodoland Territory Area

91

Amend articles 75 and 164.
Insert article 361B.
Amend schedule 10.[92]

1 January 2004

Restrict the size of council of ministers to 15 % of legislative

members & to strengthen Anti Defection laws

92

Amend article 270.
Insert article 268A.
Amend schedules 7 and 8.[93]

7 January 2004

Enable Levy of Service Tax & Include Bodo, Dogri, Santali

and Maithali as National Languages

93

Amend article 15.[94]

20 January 2006

To enable provision of reservation for other backward classes

(O.B.C.) in government as well as private educational

institutions

94

Amend article 164.[95]

12 June 2006

To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created

Jharkand and Chattisgarh States