Hidden truth about the Nehru & Gandhi dynasty

Hidden truth about the Nehru & Gandhi dynasty

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The Nehru-Gandhi dynasty starts with the Mughal man named Ghiyasuddin Ghazi. He was the City Kotwal i.e. police officer of Delhi prior to the uprising of 1857, under the Mughal rule. After capturing Delhi in 1857, in the year of the mutiny, the British were slaughtering all Mughals everywhere. The British made a thorough search and killed every Mughal so that there were no future claimants to the throne of Delhi. The Hindus on the other hand were not targeted by the British unless isolated Hindus were found to be siding with the Mughals, due to past associations.

Therefore, it became customary for many Mohammedans to adopt Hindu names. So, the man Ghiyasuddin Ghazi (the word means kafir-killer) adopted a Hindu name Gangadhar Nehru and thus saved his life by the subterfuge. Ghiyasuddin Ghazi apparently used to reside on the bank of a canal (or Nehr) near the Red Fort. Thus, he adopted the name ‘Nehru’ as the family name. Throughout the world, we do not find any descendant other than that of Gangadhar, having the surname Nehru. The 13thvolume of the “Encyclopedia of Indian War of Independence” (ISBN:81-261-3745-9) by M.K. Singh states it elaborately. The Government of India has been hiding this fact.

City Kotwal was an important post like today’s Commissioner of Police. It appears from Mughal records that there was no Hindu Kotwal employed. It was extremely unlikely for a Hindu to be hired for that post. Compulsorily only Mohammedans of foreign ancestry were hired for such important posts.

Jawaharlal Nehru’s second sister Krishna Hutheesing also mentions in her memoirs that her grandfather was the city Kotwal of Delhi prior to 1857’s uprising when Bahadur Shah Zafar was still the sultan of Delhi. Jawaharlal Nehru, in his autobiography, states that he has seen a picture of his grandfather which portrays him like a Mughal nobleman. In that picture it appears that he was having long & very thick beard, wearing a Muslim cap and was having two swords in his hands. Jawaharlal Nehru also states in his autobiography that on their way to Agra (a seat of Mughal influence) from Delhi, the members of his grandfather’s family were detained by the British. The reason for the detention was their Mughal features.

They however pleaded that they were Kashmiri Pandits and thus got away. The Urdu literatures of the 19th century, especially the works of Khwaja Hasan Nizami, are full of the miseries that the Mughals and Mohammedans have to face then. They also describe how Mughals escaped to other cities to save their lives. In all probability, Jawahar Nehru’s Mughal grandfather and his family were among them.

Jawaharlal Nehru was a person that India adores. He was undoubtedly a very sound politician and a gifted individual. But, the Government of India has not built a memorial of Jawaharlal Nehru at his birth place 77 Mirganj in Allahabad, because it is a brothel. The entire locality is a well known red light area since long. It has not become a brothel recently, but it has been a brothel even before Jawaharlal Nehru’s birth. A portion of the same house was sold by his father Motilal Nehru to a prostitute named Lali Jaan and it came to be known as “Imambada”. If you have some doubt, you may visit the place. Several dependable sources and also encyclopedia.com & Wikipedia say this. Motilal Nehru along with his family later shifted to Anand Bhawan. Remember that Anand Bhawan is Jawaharlal Nehru’s ancestral house and not his birth place.

M. O. Mathai of Indian Civil Service served as the Private Secretary to Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Mathai has written a book “Reminiscences of the Nehru Age” (ISBN-13: 9780706906219).In the book Mathai reveals that there was intense love affair between Jawaharlal Nehru and Edwina Mountbatten (wife of the last Viceroy to India, Louis Mountbatten). The romance was a source of great embarrassment for Indira Gandhi, who used to seek Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s help in persuading her father to be little discreet about their relationship.

Also Nehru had love affair with Sarojini Naidu’s daughter Padmaja Naidu, whom Nehru got appointed as the Governor of Bengal. It is revealed that he used to keep her portrait in his bed room, which Indira would often remove. It caused some tension between father and daughter.

Apart from these ladies, Pandit Nehru had an affair with a sanyasin from Benares named Shraddha Mata. She was an attractive Sanskrit scholar well versed in the ancient Indian scriptures and mythology. When she conceived out of their illicit relationship, in 1949, in a convent in Bangalore, she insisted that Nehru should marry her. But, Nehru declined that because it could affect his political career. A son was born and he was kept at a Christian Missionary Boarding School. His date of birth is estimated to be 30th May, 1949. He may be in his early sixties now. Convents in such matters maintain secrecy to prevent humiliation of the child. Though Mathai confirmed the existence of the child, no efforts have ever been made to locate him. He must have grown up as a Catholic Christian blissfully ignorant of who his father was.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee were competitors of Jawaharlal Nehru for the post of Prime Minister of India and both of them died under mysterious circumstances.

Knowing all these facts, is there any meaning of celebrating Nehru’s birthday as Children’s Day? Presenting him as a different person to our children and hiding the truth, amounts to denying education to them.

As per the book “The great divide: Muslim separatism and partition” (ISBN-13:9788121205917) by S.C. Bhatt— Jawaharlal Nehru’s sister Vijaya Lakshmi eloped with her father’s employee Syud Hussain. Then Motilal Nehru forcefully took her back and got her married with another man named Ranjit Pandit.

Indira Priyadarshini perpetuated immorality in the Nehru dynasty. Intellectual Indira was admitted in Oxford University but driven out from there for non-performance. She was then admitted to Shantiniketan University but, Guru Dev Rabindranath Tagore chased her out for bad conduct.

After driven out of Shantiniketan, Indira became lonely as father was busy with politics and mother was dieing of tuberculosis in Switzerland. Playing with her loneliness, Feroze Khan, son of a grocer named Nawab Khan who supplied wines etc to Motilal Nehru’s household in Allahabad, was able to draw close to her. The then Governor of Maharashtra, Dr. Shriprakash warned Nehru, that Indira was having an illicit relation with Feroze Khan. Feroze Khan was then in England and he was quite sympathetic to Indira. Soon enough she changed her religion, became a Muslim woman and married Feroze Khan in a London mosque. Indira Priyadarshini Nehru changed her name to Maimuna Begum. Her mother Kamala Nehru was totally against that marriage. Nehru was not happy as conversion to Muslim will jeopardize her prospect of becoming Prime Minister.

So, Nehru asked the young man Feroze Khan to change his surname from Khan to Gandhi. It had nothing to do with change of religion from Islam to Hinduism. It was just a case of a change of name by an affidavit. And so Feroze Khan became Feroze Gandhi, though it is an inconsistent name like Bismillah Sarma. Both changed their names to fool the public of India. When they returned to India, a mock vedic marriage was instituted for public consumption. Thus, Indira and her descendants got the fancy name Gandhi. Both Nehru and Gandhi are fancy names. As a chameleon changes its colour, this dynasty have been changing its name to hide its real identity.

Indira Gandhi had two sons namely Rajiv Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi. Sanjay was originally named as Sanjiv that rhymed with Rajiv, his elder brother’s name. Sanjiv was arrested by the British police for a car theft in the UK and his passport was seized. On Indira Gandhi’s direction, the then Indian Ambassador to UK, Krishna Menon misusing his power, changed his name to Sanjay and procured a new passport. Thus Sanjiv Gandhi came to be known as Sanjay Gandhi.

It is a known fact that after Rajiv’s birth, Indira Gandhi and Feroze Gandhi lived separately, but they were not divorced. The book “The Nehru Dynasty” (ISBN 10:8186092005) by K. N. Rao states that the second son of Indira (or Mrs. Feroze Khan) known as Sanjay Gandhi was not the son of Feroze Gandhi. He was the son of another Muslim gentleman named Mohammad Yunus.

Interestingly Sanjay Gandhi’s marriage with the Sikh girl Menaka took place in Mohammad Yunus’ house in New Delhi. Apparently Yunus was unhappy with the marriage as he wanted to get him married with a Muslim girl of his choice. It was Mohammad Yunus who cried the most when Sanjay Gandhi died in plane crash. In Yunus’ book, “Persons, Passions & Politics” (ISBN-10: 0706910176) one can discover that baby Sanjay was circumcised following Islamic custom.

It is a fact that Sanjay Gandhi used to constantly blackmail his mother Indira Gandhi, with the secret of who his real father is. Sanjay exercised a deep emotional control over his mother, which he often misused. Indira Gandhi chose to ignore his misdeeds and he was indirectly controlling the Government.

When the news of Sanjay Gandhi’s death reached Indira Gandhi, her first question was “Where are his keys and his wrist watch?”. Some deep secrets about the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty seems to be hidden in those objects.The plane accident was also mysterious. It was a new plane that nosedive to a crash and yet the plane did not explode upon impact. It happens when there is no fuel. But the flight register shows that the fuel tank was made full before take-off. Indira Gandhi using undue influence of PM’s office prohibited any inquiry from taking place. So, who is the suspect?

The book “The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi” (ISBN: 9780007259304) by Katherine Frank sheds light on some of Indira Gandhi’s other love affairs. It is written that Indira’s first love was with her German teacher at Shantiniketan. Later she had affair with M. O. Mathai (father’s secretary), then Dhirendra Brahmachari (her yoga teacher) and at last with Dinesh Singh (Foreign Minister).

Former Foreign Minister K Natwar Singh made an interesting revelation about Indira Gandhi’s affinity to the Mughals in his book “Profile and Letters” (ISBN: 8129102358). It states that- In 1968 Indira Gandhi as the Prime Minister of India went on an official visit to Afghanistan. Natwar Sing accompanied her as an IFS officer in duty. After having completed the day’s long engagements, Indira Gandhi wanted to go out for a ride in the evening.

After going a long distance in the car, Indira Gandhi wanted to visit Babur’s burial place, though this was not included in the itinerary. The Afghan security officials tried to dissuade her, but she was adamant. In the end she went to that burial place. It was a deserted place. She went before Babur’s grave, stood there for a few minutes with head bent down in reverence. Natwar Singh stood behind her. When Indira had finished her prayers, she turned back and told Singh “Today we have had our brush with history.” Worth to mention that Babur was the founder of Mughal rule in India, from which the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty have descended.

Hidden truth about the Nehru & Gandhi dynasty

The Nehru-Gandhi dynasty starts with the Mughal man named Ghiyasuddin Ghazi. He was the City Kotwal i.e. police officer of Delhi prior to the uprising of 1857, under the Mughal rule. After capturing Delhi in 1857, in the year of the mutiny, the British were slaughtering all Mughals everywhere. The British made a thorough search and killed every Mughal so that there were no future claimants to the throne of Delhi. The Hindus on the other hand were not targeted by the British unless isolated Hindus were found to be siding with the Mughals, due to past associations.

Therefore, it became customary for many Mohammedans to adopt Hindu names. So, the man Ghiyasuddin Ghazi (the word means kafir-killer) adopted a Hindu name Gangadhar Nehru and thus saved his life by the subterfuge. Ghiyasuddin Ghazi apparently used to reside on the bank of a canal (or Nehr) near the Red Fort. Thus, he adopted the name ‘Nehru’ as the family name. Throughout the world, we do not find any descendant other than that of Gangadhar, having the surname Nehru. The 13^thvolume of the “Encyclopedia of Indian War of Independence” (ISBN:81-261-3745-9) by M.K. Singh states it elaborately. The Government of India has been hiding this fact.

City Kotwal was an important post like today’s Commissioner of Police. It appears from Mughal records that there was no Hindu Kotwal employed. It was extremely unlikely for a Hindu to be hired for that post. Compulsorily only Mohammedans of foreign ancestry were hired for such important posts.

Jawaharlal Nehru’s second sister Krishna Hutheesing also mentions in her memoirs that her grandfather was the city Kotwal of Delhi prior to 1857’s uprising when Bahadur Shah Zafar was still the sultan of Delhi. Jawaharlal Nehru, in his autobiography, states that he has seen a picture of his grandfather which portrays him like a Mughal nobleman. In that picture it appears that he was having long & very thick beard, wearing a Muslim cap and was having two swords in his hands. Jawaharlal Nehru also states in his autobiography that on their way to Agra (a seat of Mughal influence) from Delhi, the members of his grandfather’s family were detained by the British. The reason for the detention was their Mughal features.

They however pleaded that they were Kashmiri Pandits and thus got away. The Urdu literatures of the 19th century, especially the works of Khwaja Hasan Nizami, are full of the miseries that the Mughals and Mohammedans have to face then. They also describe how Mughals escaped to other cities to save their lives. In all probability, Jawahar Nehru’s Mughal grandfather and his family were among them.

Jawaharlal Nehru was a person that India adores. He was undoubtedly a very sound politician and a gifted individual. But, the Government of India has not built a memorial of Jawaharlal Nehru at his birth place 77 Mirganj in Allahabad, because it is a brothel. The entire locality is a well known red light area since long. It has not become a brothel recently, but it has been a brothel even before Jawaharlal Nehru’s birth. A portion of the same house was sold by his father Motilal Nehru to a prostitute named Lali Jaan and it came to be known as “Imambada”. If you have some doubt, you may visit the place. Several dependable sources and also encyclopedia.com & Wikipedia say this. Motilal Nehru along with his family later shifted to Anand Bhawan. Remember that Anand Bhawan is Jawaharlal Nehru’s ancestral house and not his birth place.

M. O. Mathai of Indian Civil Service served as the Private Secretary to Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Mathai has written a book “Reminiscences of the Nehru Age” (ISBN-13: 9780706906219).In the book Mathai reveals that there was intense love affair between Jawaharlal Nehru and Edwina Mountbatten (wife of the last Viceroy to India, Louis Mountbatten). The romance was a source of great embarrassment for Indira Gandhi, who used to seek Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s help in persuading her father to be little discreet about their relationship.

Also Nehru had love affair with Sarojini Naidu’s daughter Padmaja Naidu, whom Nehru got appointed as the Governor of Bengal. It is revealed that he used to keep her portrait in his bed room, which Indira would often remove. It caused some tension between father and daughter.

Apart from these ladies, Pandit Nehru had an affair with a sanyasin from Benares named Shraddha Mata. She was an attractive Sanskrit scholar well versed in the ancient Indian scriptures and mythology. When she conceived out of their illicit relationship, in 1949, in a convent in Bangalore, she insisted that Nehru should marry her. But, Nehru declined that because it could affect his political career. A son was born and he was kept at a Christian Missionary Boarding School. His date of birth is estimated to be 30^th May, 1949. He may be in his early sixties now. Convents in such matters maintain secrecy to prevent humiliation of the child. Though Mathai confirmed the existence of the child, no efforts have ever been made to locate him. He must have grown up as a Catholic Christian blissfully ignorant of who his father was.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee were competitors of Jawaharlal Nehru for the post of Prime Minister of India and both of them died under mysterious circumstances.

Knowing all these facts, is there any meaning of celebrating Nehru’s birthday as Children’s Day? Presenting him as a different person to our children and hiding the truth, amounts to denying education to them.

As per the book “The great divide: Muslim separatism and partition” (ISBN-13:9788121205917) by S.C. Bhatt— Jawaharlal Nehru’s sister Vijaya Lakshmi eloped with her father’s employee Syud Hussain. Then Motilal Nehru forcefully took her back and got her married with another man named Ranjit Pandit.

Indira Priyadarshini perpetuated immorality in the Nehru dynasty. Intellectual Indira was admitted in Oxford University but driven out from there for non-performance. She was then admitted to Shantiniketan University but, Guru Dev Rabindranath Tagore chased her out for bad conduct.

After driven out of Shantiniketan, Indira became lonely as father was busy with politics and mother was dieing of tuberculosis in Switzerland. Playing with her loneliness, Feroze Khan, son of a grocer named Nawab Khan who supplied wines etc to Motilal Nehru’s household in Allahabad, was able to draw close to her. The then Governor of Maharashtra, Dr. Shriprakash warned Nehru, that Indira was having an illicit relation with Feroze Khan. Feroze Khan was then in England and he was quite sympathetic to Indira. Soon enough she changed her religion, became a Muslim woman and married Feroze Khan in a London mosque. Indira Priyadarshini Nehru changed her name to Maimuna Begum. Her mother Kamala Nehru was totally against that marriage. Nehru was not happy as conversion to Muslim will jeopardize her prospect of becoming Prime Minister.

So, Nehru asked the young man Feroze Khan to change his surname from Khan to Gandhi. It had nothing to do with change of religion from Islam to Hinduism. It was just a case of a change of name by an affidavit. And so Feroze Khan became Feroze Gandhi, though it is an inconsistent name like Bismillah Sarma. Both changed their names to fool the public of India. When they returned to India, a mock vedic marriage was instituted for public consumption. Thus, Indira and her descendants got the fancy name Gandhi. Both Nehru and Gandhi are fancy names. As a chameleon changes its colour, this dynasty have been changing its name to hide its real identity.

Indira Gandhi had two sons namely Rajiv Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi. Sanjay was originally named as Sanjiv that rhymed with Rajiv, his elder brother’s name. Sanjiv was arrested by the British police for a car theft in the UK and his passport was seized. On Indira Gandhi’s direction, the then Indian Ambassador to UK, Krishna Menon misusing his power, changed his name to Sanjay and procured a new passport. Thus Sanjiv Gandhi came to be known as Sanjay Gandhi.

It is a known fact that after Rajiv’s birth, Indira Gandhi and Feroze Gandhi lived separately, but they were not divorced. The book “The Nehru Dynasty” (ISBN 10:8186092005) by K. N. Rao states that the second son of Indira (or Mrs. Feroze Khan) known as Sanjay Gandhi was not the son of Feroze Gandhi. He was the son of another Muslim gentleman named Mohammad Yunus.

Interestingly Sanjay Gandhi’s marriage with the Sikh girl Menaka took place in Mohammad Yunus’ house in New Delhi. Apparently Yunus was unhappy with the marriage as he wanted to get him married with a Muslim girl of his choice. It was Mohammad Yunus who cried the most when Sanjay Gandhi died in plane crash. In Yunus’ book, “Persons, Passions & Politics” (ISBN-10: 0706910176) one can discover that baby Sanjay was circumcised following Islamic custom.

It is a fact that Sanjay Gandhi used to constantly blackmail his mother Indira Gandhi, with the secret of who his real father is. Sanjay exercised a deep emotional control over his mother, which he often misused. Indira Gandhi chose to ignore his misdeeds and he was indirectly controlling the Government.

When the news of Sanjay Gandhi’s death reached Indira Gandhi, her first question was “Where are his keys and his wrist watch?”. Some deep secrets about the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty seems to be hidden in those objects.The plane accident was also mysterious. It was a new plane that nosedive to a crash and yet the plane did not explode upon impact. It happens when there is no fuel. But the flight register shows that the fuel tank was made full before take-off. Indira Gandhi using undue influence of PM’s office prohibited any inquiry from taking place. So, who is the suspect

The book “The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi” (ISBN: 9780007259304) by Katherine Frank sheds light on some of Indira Gandhi’s other love affairs. It is written that Indira’s first love was with her German teacher at Shantiniketan. Later she had affair with M. O. Mathai (father’s secretary), then Dhirendra Brahmachari (her yoga teacher) and at last with Dinesh Singh (Foreign Minister).

Former Foreign Minister K Natwar Singh made an interesting revelation about Indira Gandhi’s affinity to the Mughals in his book “Profile and Letters” (ISBN: 8129102358). It states that- In 1968 Indira Gandhi as the Prime Minister of India went on an official visit to Afghanistan. Natwar Sing accompanied her as an IFS officer in duty. After having completed the day’s long engagements, Indira Gandhi wanted to go out for a ride in the evening.

After going a long distance in the car, Indira Gandhi wanted to visit Babur’s burial place, though this was not included in the itinerary. The Afghan security officials tried to dissuade her, but she was adamant. In the end she went to that burial place. It was a deserted place. She went before Babur’s grave, stood there for a few minutes with head bent down in reverence. Natwar Singh stood behind her. When Indira had finished her prayers, she turned back and told Singh “Today we have had our brush with history.” Worth to mention that Babur was the founder of Mughal rule in India, from which the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty have descended.

Nehru-Gandhi family and descendants

Family and descendants

Main article: Nehru-Gandhi family

Nehru has the following descendants, most of whom played an active role in the Politics of India:

 Lakshmi Narayan Nehru

 Ganga Dhar Nehru (son of Lakshmi Narayan Nehru, Kotwal of Delhi)

 Motilal Nehru (son of Ganga Dhar Nehru) president of congress party

 Nand lal Nehru (son of Ganga Dhar Nehru, Diwan of Khetri State)

 Bansi Dhar Nehru (son of Ganga Dhar Nehru)

 Pt Braj Lal Nehru (son of Nand Lal Nehru, Finance Minister of Jammu and Kashmir)

 Rameshwari Nehru (wife of Braj lal Nehru)

 Pt Braj Kumar Nehru (son of Braj Lal Nehru, Economic Minister in the Embassy of India in Washington, Indian Director of the World Bank, Ambassador to the USA, High Commissioner to U.K, Governor of Jammu & Kashmir and Gujarat)

 Swaraj Mati Nehru (relative of Jawaharlal Nehru Member of Parliament

 Jawaharlal Nehru (son of Motilal - late Prime Minister of India)

 Kamala Nehru (wife of Jawaharlal Nehru)

 shyam lal Nehru (son of Nand lal Nehru) Member of Legislative Assembly

 Uma Nehru (wife of Shyam lal Nehru) Member of Parliament

 Shyam kumari (daughter of Shyam lal Nehru) Member of Rajya Sabha

 Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (daughter of Motilal Nehru, Cabinet minister, Governor, and ambassador to the USSR, USA, Mexico, High Commissioner to UK and President of the UN General Assembly)

 Krishna Hutheesing (daughter of Motilal Nehru)

 Ajit Hutheesing (son of Krishna Nehru Hutheesing)

 Nayantara Sahgal (daughter of Vijaya Lakshmi - eminent writer on women's issues and politics)

 Prof. Kailas Nath Kaul (brother-in-law of Jawaharlal Nehru), renowned botanist and world authority on palms

 Sheila Kaul (aunt of Indira Gandhi) was a Minister and Governor

 Vikram Kaul (son of Sheila Kaul)

 Deepa Kaul (daughter of Sheila Kaul, former minister, Uttar Pradesh)

 Indira Gandhi (daughter of Jawaharlal - late Prime Minister of India)

 Feroze Gandhi (husband of Indira Gandhi, Member of Parliament

 Arun Nehru (son of Shyam Kumari) Member of Parliament

 Rajiv Gandhi (son of Indira - late Prime Minister of India)

 Sanjay Gandhi (son of Indira) Member of Parliament

 Sonia Gandhi (wife of Rajiv - Italy-born - MP current Parliament of India): President of the Indian National Congress, Leader of the Majority

 Maneka Gandhi (wife of Sanjay - MP current Parliament of India)

 Rahul Gandhi (son of Rajiv Gandhi - MP current Parliament of India)

 Varun Gandhi (son of Sanjay Gandhi)- MP current Parliament of India)

 Priyanka Gandhi Vadra (daughter of Rajiv Gandhi)

 Nikhil Ajit Hutheesing (son of Ajit Hutheesing)

 Vivek Ajit Hutheesing (son of Ajit Hutheesing)

 Ravi Ajit Hutheesing (Son of Ajit Hutheesing)

List of amendments of the Constitution of India

As of June 2009, there have been 94 amendments of the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950.^[1]

No.		Amendments	Enforced since	Objectives
	1	Amend articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376. Insert articles 31A and 31B.Insert schedule 9.[2]	18 June 1951	To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights. These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech and equality before law
	2	Amend article 81.[3]	1 May 1953	A technincal amendment to fix the size of each parliamentary constituency between 650,000 and 850,000 voters.
	3	Amend schedule 7.[4]	22 February 1955	Limits maximum no of seats in lok sabha up to 500.States would be divided into constituencies such that one member of a constituency will represent not less than every 750000 people but not more than every 500000 people.
	4	Amend articles 31, 31A and 305. Amend schedule 9.[5]	27 April 1955	Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in Schedule 9 of the constitution
	5	Amend article 3.[6]	24 December 1955	Provide for a consultation mechanism with concerned states in matters relating to the amendments to the territorial matters and in the re-naming of the state
	6	Amend articles 269 and 286. Amend schedule 7.[7]	11 September 1956	Amend the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes
	7	Amend articles 1, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and 232. Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A. Amend part 8. Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.[8]	1 November 1956	Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and introduction of Union Territories
	8	Amend article 334.[9]	5 January 1960	Clarify state's power of compulsory acquisition and requisitioning of private property and include Zamindari abolishion laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution
	9	Amend schedule 1.[10]	28 December 1960	Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc.
	10	Amend article 240. Amend schedule 1.[11]	11 August 1961	Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal
	11	Amend articles 66 and 71.[12]	19 December 1961	Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college
	12	Amend article 240. Amend schedule 1.[13]	20 December 1961	Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal
	13	Amend part 21.[14]	1 December 1963	Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under Article 371A
	14	Amend articles 81 and 240. Insert article 239A. Amend schedules 1 and 4.[15]	28 December 1962	Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa
	15	Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316. Insert article 224A. Amend schedule 7.[16]	5 October 1963	Raise retirement age of judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalizing interpretation of rules regarding judges etc.
	16	Amend articles 19, 84 and 173. Amend schedule 3.[17]	5 October 1963	Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various obligtory templates
	17	Amend article 31A. Amend schedule 9.[18]	20 June 1964	To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution
	18	Amend article 3.[19]	27 August 1966	Technical Amendment to include Unior Territories in Article 3 and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories
	19	Amend article 324.[20]	11 December 1966	Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts
	20	Insert article 233A.[21]	22 December 1966	Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting, promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed to overcome the effect of judgement invalidating appointments of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh
	21	Amend schedule 8.[22]	10 April 1967	Include Sindhi as a National Language
	22	Amend article 275. Insert articles 244A and 371B.[23]	25 September 1969	Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam
	23	Amend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334.[24]	23 January 1970	Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1980
	24	Amend articles 13 and 368.[25]	5 November 1971	Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights through amendments to the constitution
	25	Amend article 31. Insert article 31C.[26]	20 April 1972	Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property
	26	Amend article 366. Insert article 363A. Remove articles 291 and 362.[27]	28 December 1971	Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the Indian Republic
	27	Amend articles 239A and 240. Insert articles 239B and 371C.[28]	15 February 1972	Reorganization of Mizoram into a Union Territory with a legislature and council of ministers
	28	Insert article 312A. Remove article 314.[29]	29 August 1972	Rationalize Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those appointed prior to Independence and post independence
	29	Amend schedule 9.[30]	9 June 1972	Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
	30	Amend article 133.[31]	27 February 1973	Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial question of law
	31	Amend articles 81, 330 and 332.[32]	17 October 1973	Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased seats going to the new states formed in North East India and minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise
	32	Amend article 371. Insert articles 371D and 371E. Amend schedule 7.[33]	1 July 1974	Protection of regional rights in Telengana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh
	33	Amend articles 101 and 190.[34]	19 May 1974	Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker
	34	Amend schedule 9.[35]	7 September 1974	Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
	35	Amend articles 80 and 81. Insert article 2A. Insert schedule 10.[36]	1 March 1975	Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India
	36	Amend articles 80 and 81. Insert article 371F. Remove article 2A. Amend schedules 1 and 4. Remove schedule 10.[37]	26 April 1975	Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union
	37	Amend articles 239A and 240.[38]	3 May 1975	Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly
	38	Amend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 356, 359 and 360.[39]	1 August 1975	Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances
	39	Amend articles 71 and 329. Insert article 329A. Amend schedule 9.[40]	10 August 1975	Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad High Court invalidating Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of Prime Minister
	40	Amend article 297. Amend schedule 9.[41]	27 May 1976	Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India Place land reform & other acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
	41	Amend article 316.[42]	7 September 1976	Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and Members of Union and State Public Commissions from sixty to sixty two.
	42	Amend articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 and 371F. Insert articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A. Insert parts 4A and 14A. Amend schedule 7.[43]	1 April 1977	Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a "Socialist Secular" Republic
	43	Amend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366. Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.[44]	13 April 1978	Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Repeals some of the more 'Anti-Freedom' amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42
	44	Amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360 and 371F. Insert articles 134A and 361A. Remove articles 31, 257A and 329A. Amend part 12. Amend schedule 9.[45]	6 September 1979	Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Provides for human rights safeguards and mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42
	45	Amend article 334.[46]	25 January 1980	Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1990
	46	Amend articles 269, 286 and 366. Amend schedule 7.[47]	2 February 1983	Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and applicability on Sales Tax
	47	Amend schedule 9.[48]	26 August 1984	Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
	48	Amend article 356.[49]	1 April 1985	Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years in the state of Punjab
	49	Amend article 244. Amend schedules 5 and 6.[50]	11 September 1984	Recognize Tripura as a Tribal State and enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council
	50	Amend article 33.[51]	11 September 1984	Technical Amendment to curtailment of Fundamental Rights as per Part III as prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security Personnel protecting property and communication infrastructure
	51	Amend articles 330 and 332.[52]	16 June 1986	Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies
	52	Amend articles 101, 102, 190 and 191. Insert schedule 10.[53]	1 March 1985	Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other
	53	Insert article 371G.[54]	20 February 1987	Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.
	54	Amend articles 125 and 221. Amend schedule 2.[55]	1 April 1986	Increase the salary of Chief Justice of India & other Judges and to provide for determining future increases without the need for constitutional amendment
	55	Insert article 371H.[56]	20 February 1987	Special powers to Governor consequent to formation of state of Arunachal Pradesh
	56	Insert article 371I.[57]	30 May 1987	Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa
	57	Amend article 332.[58]	21 September 1987	Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies
	58	Insert article 394A. Amend part 22.[59]	9 December 1987	Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of constitution as on date and provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of future amendments
	59	Amend article 356. Insert article 359A.[60]	30 March 1988	Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years in the state of Punjab, Articles 352 and Article 359A amended to permit imposing emergency in state of Punjab or in specific districts of the state of Punjab
	60	Amend article 276.[61]	20 December 1988	Profession Tax increased from a maximum of Rs. 250/- to a maximum of Rs. 2500/-
	61	Amend article 326.[62]	28 March 1989	Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18
	62	Amend article 334.[63]	20 December 1989	Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2000
	63	Amend article 356. Remove article 359A.[64]	6 January 1990	Emergency powers applicable to State of Punjab, accorded in Article 359A as per amendment 59 repealed
	64	Amend article 356.[65]	16 April 1990	Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years and six months in the state of Punjab
	65	Amend article 338.[66]	12 March 1992	National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its stututory powers specifed in The Constitution.
	66	Amend schedule 9.[67]	7 June 1990	Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
	67	Amend article 356.[68]	4 October 1990	Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years in the state of Punjab
	68	Amend article 356.[69]	12 March 1991	Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years in the state of Punjab
	69	Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.[70]	1 February 1992	To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union Territory
	70	Amend articles 54 and 239AA.[71]	21 December 1991	Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election
	71	Amend schedule 8.[72]	31 August 1992	Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as National Languages
	72	Amend article 332.[73]	5 December 1992	Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Tripura State Legislative Assembly
	73	Insert part 9.[74]	24 April 1993	Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as third level of administration in villages
	74	Insert part 9A.[75]	1 June 1993	Statutory provisions for Local Administrative bodies as third level of administration in urban areas such as towns and cities
	75	Amend article 323B.[76]	15 May 1994	Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals
	76	Amend schedule 9.[77]	31 August 1994	Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act under 9th Schedule of the constitution
	77	Amend article 16.[78]	17 June 1995	A technical amendment to protect reservation to SC/ST Employees in promotions
	78	Amend schedule 9.[79]	30 August 1995	Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
	79	Amend article 334.[80]	25 January 2000	Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2010
	80	Amend articles 269 and 270. Remove article 272.[81]	9 June 2000	Implement Tenth Finance Commission recommendation to simplify the tax structures by pooling and sharing all taxes between states and The Centre
	81	Amend article 16.[82]	9 June 2000	Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies
	82	Amend article 335.[83]	8 September 2000	Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates
	83	Amend article 243M.[84]	8 September 2000	Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for Scheduled Castes in Panchayati Raj institutions
	84	Amend articles 55, 81, 82, 170, 330 and 332.[85]	21 February 2002	Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats
	85	Amend article 16.[86]	4 January 2002	A technical amendment to protect seniority in case of promotions of SC/ST Employees
	86	Amend articles 45 and 51A. Insert article 21A.[87]	12 December 2002	Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six
	87	Amend articles 81, 82, 170 and 330.[88]	22 June 2003	Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats
	88	Amend article 270. Insert article 268A. Amend schedule 7.[89]	15 January 2004	To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax
	89	Amend article 338. Insert article 338A.[90]	28 September 2003	The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated into The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
	90	Amend article 332.[91]	28 September 2003	Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Bodoland Territory Area
	91	Amend articles 75 and 164. Insert article 361B. Amend schedule 10.[92]	1 January 2004	Restrict the size of council of ministers to 15 % of legislative members & to strengthen Anti Defection laws
	92	Amend article 270. Insert article 268A. Amend schedules 7 and 8.[93]	7 January 2004	Enable Levy of Service Tax & Include Bodo, Dogri, Santali and Maithali as National Languages
	93	Amend article 15.[94]	20 January 2006	To enable provision of reservation for other backward classes (O.B.C.) in government as well as private educational institutions
	94	Amend article 164.[95]	12 June 2006	To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created Jharkand and Chattisgarh States